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ALL / Nephrology
Renal stones: types
Renal stones: types
The table below summarises the appearance of different types of renal stone on x-ray| Type | Frequency | Radiograph appearance |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium oxalate | 40% | Opaque |
| Mixed calcium oxalate/phosphate stones | 25% | Opaque |
| Triple phosphate stones* | 10% | Opaque |
| Calcium phosphate | 10% | Opaque |
| Urate stones | 5-10% | Radio-lucent |
| Cystine stones | 1% | Semi-opaque, 'ground-glass' appearance |
| Xanthine stones | <1% | Radio-lucent |
*stag-horn calculi involve the renal pelvis and extend into at least 2 calyces. They develop in alkaline urine and are composed of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate, triple phosphate). Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus infections predispose to their formation
+PassMedicine Notes
The table below summarises the appearance of different types of renal stone on x-ray
Type _ Frequency _ Radiograph appearance| Calcium oxalate _40%_ Opaque| Mixed calcium oxalate/phosphate stones _25%_ Opaque| Triple phosphate stones*_10%_ Opaque| Calcium phosphate _10%_ Opaque| Urate stones _5-10%_ Radio-lucent| Cystine stones_1%_ Semi-opaque, 'ground-glass' appearance| Xanthine stones _