Relative risk
Relative risk
Relative risk (RR) is the ratio of risk in the experimental group (experimental event rate, EER) to risk in the control group (control event rate, CER). The term relative risk ratio is sometimes used instead of relative risk.To recap
- EER = rate at which events occur in the experimental group
- CER = rate at which events occur in the control group
For example, if we look at a trial comparing the use of paracetamol for dysmenorrhoea compared to placebo we may get the following results
| Total number of patients | Experienced significant pain relief | |
|---|---|---|
| Paracetamol | 100 | 60 |
| Placebo | 80 | 20 |
Experimental event rate, EER = 60 / 100 = 0.6
Control event rate, CER = 20 / 80 = 0.25
Therefore the relative risk ratio = EER / CER = 0.6 / 0.25 = 2.4
If the risk ratio is > 1 then the rate of an event (in this case experiencing significant pain relief) is increased compared to controls. It is therefore appropriate to calculate the relative risk increase if necessary (see below).
If the risk ratio is < 1 then the rate of an event is decreased compared to controls. The relative risk reduction should therefore be calculated (see below).
Relative risk reduction (RRR) or relative risk increase (RRI) is calculated by dividing the absolute risk change by the control event rate
Using the above data, RRI = (EER - CER) / CER = (0.6 - 0.25) / 0.25 = 1.4 = 140%
+PassMedicine Notes
Relative risk (RR) is the ratio of risk in the experimental group (experimental event rate, EER) to risk in the control group (control event rate, CER). The term relative risk ratio is sometimes used instead of relative risk.
To recap- EER = rate at which events occur in the experimental group
- CER = rate at which events occur in the control group
For example, if we look at a trial comparing the use of paracetamol for dysmenorrhoea compared to placebo we may get the following results
_ Total number of patients _ Experienced significant pain relief| Paracetamol _ 100 _ 60| Placebo _ 80 _ 20|Experimental event rate, EER = 60 / 100 = 0.6
Control event rate, CER = 20 / 80 = 0.25
Therefore the relative risk ratio = EER / CER = 0.6 / 0.25 = 2.4
If the risk ratio is > 1 then the rate of an event (in this case experiencing significant pain relief) is increased compared to controls. It is therefore appropriate to calculate the relative risk increase if necessary (see below).
If the risk ratio is < 1 then the rate of an event is decreased compared to controls. The relative risk reduction should therefore be calculated (see below).
Relative risk reduction (RRR) or relative risk increase (RRI) is calculated by dividing the absolute risk change by the control event rate
Using the above data, RRI = (EER - CER) / CER = (0.6 - 0.25) / 0.25 = 1.4 = 140%
