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ALL / Pharmacology
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Cause of low magnesium- drugs
- diuretics
- proton pump inhibitors
- total parenteral nutrition
- diarrhoea
- may occur with acute or chronic diarrhoea
- alcohol
- hypokalaemia
- hypercalcaemia
- e.g. secondary to hyperparathyroidism
- calcium and magnesium functionally compete for transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
- metabolic disorders
- Gitleman's and Bartter's
Features may be similar to hypocalcaemia:
- paraesthesia
- tetany
- seizures
- arrhythmias
- decreased PTH secretion → hypocalcaemia
- ECG features similar to those of hypokalaemia
- exacerbates digoxin toxicity
Treatment
<0.4 mmol/L or tetany, arrhythmias, or seizures
- intravenous magnesium replacement is commonly given.
- an example regime would be 40 mmol of magnesium sulphate over 24 hours
>0.4 mmol/l
- oral magnesium salts (10-20 mmol orally per day in divided doses)
- diarrhoea can occur with oral magnesium salts
+PassMedicine Notes
Cause of low magnesium
- drugs
- diuretics
- proton pump inhibitors
- total parenteral nutrition
- diarrhoea
- may occur with acute or chronic diarrhoea
- alcohol
- hypokalaemia
- hypercalcaemia
- e.g. secondary to hyperparathyroidism
- calcium and magnesium functionally compete for transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
- metabolic disorders
- Gitleman's and Bartter's
- paraesthesia
- tetany
- seizures
- arrhythmias
- decreased PTH secretion --> hypocalcaemia
- ECG features similar to those of hypokalaemia
- exacerbates digoxin toxicity
Treatment
0.4 mmol/l- oral magnesium salts (10-20 mmol orally per day in divided doses)
- diarrhoea can occur with oral magnesium salts