Hypokalaemia and hypertension

Hypokalaemia and hypertension

For exams it is useful to be able to classify the causes of hypokalaemia in to those associated with hypertension, and those which are not

Hypokalaemia with hypertension

• Cushing's syndrome
  Cushing's syndrome associated with hypertension
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  Importance: 71
• Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism
  Primary hyperaldosteronism associated with hypertension
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  Importance: 21
  )
• Liddle's syndrome
  Liddle's syndrome: hypokalaemia + hypertension
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  Importance: 53
• 11-beta hydroxylase deficiency
  11-beta hydroxylase deficiency associated with hypertension
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  Importance: 66
  *

Carbenoxolone, an anti-ulcer drug, and liquorice excess can potentially cause hypokalaemia associated with hypertension

Hypokalaemia without hypertension

• diuretics
  Diuretics associated with normotension
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  Importance: 14
• GI loss (e.g. Diarrhoea
  Diarrhoea associated with normotension
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  Importance: 8
  , vomiting)
• renal tubular acidosis
  Renal tubular acidosis type 1 and 2 associated with normotension
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  Importance: 39
  (type 1 and 2**)
• Bartter's syndrome
  Bartter's syndrome is associated with normotension
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  Importance: 44
• Gitelman syndrome
  Gitelman syndrome associated with normotension
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  Importance: 29

*21-hydroxylase deficiency, which accounts for 90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases, is not associated with hypertension

**type 4 renal tubular acidosis is associated with hyperkalaemia

+PassMedicine Notes

For exams it is useful to be able to classify the causes of hypokalaemia in to those associated with hypertension, and those which are not

Hypokalaemia with hypertension

• Cushing's syndrome
• Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
• Liddle's syndrome
• 11-beta hydroxylase deficiency*

Carbenoxolone, an anti-ulcer drug, and liquorice excess can potentially cause hypokalaemia associated with hypertension

Hypokalaemia without hypertension

• diuretics
• GI loss (e.g. Diarrhoea, vomiting)
• renal tubular acidosis (type 1 and 2**)
• Bartter's syndrome
• Gitelman syndrome

*21-hydroxylase deficiency, which accounts for 90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases, is not associated with hypertension

**type 4 renal tubular acidosis is associated with hyperkalaemia