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ALL / Respiratory Medicine
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by non-caseating granulomas. It is more common in young adults and in people of African descent
Pathophysiology of sarcoidosis
Features
- acute: erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, swinging fever, polyarthralgia
- insidious: dyspnoea, non-productive cough, malaise, weight loss
- ocular: uveitis
- lupus pernio
- chronic violaceous indurated plaques on the nose/face
- associated with upper respiratory tract involvement.
- indicates chronic disease and poor prognosis; often requires systemic therapy.
- hypercalcaemia: macrophages inside the granulomas cause an increased conversion of vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
Syndromes associated with sarcoidosis
Lofgren's syndrome is an acute form of the disease characterised by bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), erythema nodosum, fever and polyarthralgia. It usually carries an excellent prognosis
Heerfordt's syndrome (uveoparotid fever) there is parotid enlargement, fever and uveitis secondary to sarcoidosis
+PassMedicine Notes
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by non-caseating granulomas. It is more common in young adults and in people of African descent
Features- acute: erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, swinging fever, polyarthralgia
- insidious: dyspnoea, non-productive cough, malaise, weight loss
- ocular: uveitis
- lupus pernio
- chronic violaceous indurated plaques on the nose/face
- associated with upper respiratory tract involvement.
- indicates chronic disease and poor prognosis; often requires systemic therapy.
- hypercalcaemia: macrophages inside the granulomas cause an increased conversion of vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
Syndromes associated with sarcoidosis
Lofgren's syndrome is an acute form of the disease characterised by bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), erythema nodosum, fever and polyarthralgia. It usually carries an excellent prognosis
Heerfordt's syndrome (uveoparotid fever) there is parotid enlargement, fever and uveitis secondary to sarcoidosis
